请查收，最近B站献给新一代的青年宣言片。
国家一级演员何冰走上舞台，以青年宣言《后浪》为词，认可、赞美与寄语年轻一代。在UP主们的青春混剪中，属于年轻人的光芒正在闪耀。“你们有幸 遇见这样的时代 但时代更有幸 遇见这样的你们”
用Python爬取《后浪》弹幕，看看“后浪”都在评论些什么？

一、找到评论链接
进入B站《后浪》播放页面，按F12键后，刷新页面。

评论链接在红色标记下对应的包，蓝线上方Request URL即为评论链接https://api.bilibili.com/x/v1/dm/list.so?oid=188273397。注意，Hide data URLs勾选为All。

二、敲代码

1、利用requests库请求获取网页

def getHtmlText(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
        data = response.content.decode('utf-8')#utf-8转码，不然会出现乱码
        return data
    except:
        return ''

2、找到所有评论并将其存入二维列表

所有评论都在标签下的文本中，而所有标签都在标签下。利用bs4库中的BeautifulSoup函数将1中得到的页面进行解析。找到标签下的文本存入列表。（这里也可以用正则表达式）

def fillList(html,list):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
    itotal = soup.find('i')
    dtotals = itotal.find_all('d')
    for dtotal in dtotals:
        danmu = dtotal.text
        List.append([danmu])

3、将二维列表中的所有数据下载到文本

def down_danmu(list):
    for list in List:
        with open('后浪弹幕.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
            s = str(list).replace('[','').replace(']','') + '\n' #去除[],这两行按数据不同，可以选择，每行末尾加换行符
            s = s.replace("'", '').replace(',', '')#去除单引号，逗号，每行末尾追加换行符
            f.write(s)
    print("文件写入成功！")

4、生成专属词云图

def showPic():
    img = np.array(image.open('bili.jpg'))#numpy库与PIL库引入自定义图片
    with open('后浪弹幕.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        text = f.read()
        w = wordcloud.WordCloud(font_path="msyh.ttc", mask=img, scale=15,stopwords=' ', width=1000, height=700, background_color='white')
        w.generate(text)
        w.to_file("Houlang.png")

完整代码

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import wordcloud
import PIL.Image as image
import numpy as np

def getHtmlText(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding
        html = response.content.decode('utf-8')
        return html
    except:
        return ''

def fillList(html,list):
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
    itotal = soup.find('i')
    dtotals = itotal.find_all('d')
    for dtotal in dtotals:
        danmu = dtotal.text
        List.append([danmu])

def down_danmu(list):
    for list in List:
        with open('./后浪弹幕.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
            s = str(list).replace('[','').replace(']','') + '\n'
            s = s.replace("'", '').replace(',', '')
            f.write(s)
    print("文件写入成功！")

def showPic():
    img = np.array(image.open('bili.jpg'))
    with open('后浪弹幕.txt','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
        text = f.read()
        w = wordcloud.WordCloud(font_path="msyh.ttc", mask=img, scale=15,stopwords=' ', width=1000, height=700, background_color='white')
        w.generate(text)
        w.to_file("Houlang.png")

List = []
url = 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/v1/dm/list.so?oid=186803402'
html = getHtmlText(url)
fillList(html,List)
down_danmu(List)
showPic()

效果图